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| Isaac Newton |
In mechanics, Newton established the principles of conservation of both momentum and angular momentum. In optics, he made the first practical reflecting telescope. Developed the theory of color on the basis that a prism decomposes white light into the many colors that make up the visible spectrum. He gave the law of cooling and studied the speed of sound.
Newton established a consistency between Kepler's laws of planetary motion and his theory of gravitation to show that the motion of objects on Earth and the motion of celestial bodies is governed by the same set of natural laws, thus removed previous doubts about heliocentrism and the modernization of the Scientific Revolution.
Birth and Early life:
Newton was born on 4 January 1643 in Woolsthorpe Baya Colsterworth, Lincolnshire, Germany. His father died three months before his birth.
His father was a farmer, his name was Sir Isaac Newton. When he was three years old, his mother remarried and left Newton.
Newton did not like his stepfather, and he also had a sense of enmity with his mother, which was the reason for his mother's remarriage. The list of crimes committed by him at the age of 19 shows that "I had threatened to burn down the house of mother and stepfather".
But when Newton's stepfather also died, his mother returned to Woolsthorpe-by-Colsterworth and insisted Newton help with the farm. But Newton refused to do farming because his mind was more interested in reading than farming.
Education of Newton:
When he turned 17, he was admitted to The King's School, Grantham. But his mind was not engaged in studies there, because mathematics was not taught there. Newton's mind was very much in the subject of mathematics from the beginning. From childhood, he was fascinated by celestial bodies and planets, and was amazed to see the rays of the sun. Newton was expelled from the school in October 1659. Here his mother's second husband had also passed away. That's why mother asked him to take care of the farm. But Newton's mind was not engaged in farming.
Henry Stokes, who was the principal of The King's School, asked Newton's mother to re-admit Newton to the school so that he could continue his studies. This time Newton did not despair and very soon he became the topper of the school. He was educated at the King's School, Grantham, from the age of twelve to the age of seventeen. As a child, he was not very good in studies. Once in school, a boy beat Newton, but when Newton got angry, the boy had to run away to save his life. Then in 1659, when he was expelled from school, he came to his mother.
Career of Newton:
Isaac Newton was very fond of his mathematics teacher. The professor at the college from which Newton was receiving his master's degree resigned for another job, when his mathematics teacher asked Newton to hold that position.
Newton accepted his point and he became professor of mathematics. Newton started trying to do more research to take his experiments further and what Newton has discovered.
Newton’s law of universal gravitation:
One day Newton was sitting under a tree and suddenly an apple fell from above, then Newton started thinking why this apple fell straight, why it did not fall from side to side or up, it means the earth is pulling it, means it has attraction. He was thinking this for a long time. After thinking and pondering for a long time, he experimented and discovered that what is up will come down.
As long as the force of gravity is there, that thing will come down, when the force of gravity is over, then that thing will start floating. Thus Newton discovered the law of gravitation.
Newton’s laws of motion:
Find out Newton's three laws of motion.
1. The first law is “Law of Inertia”. According to this law, an object will remain at rest unless a force is applied to it and an object will remain in motion unless a force is applied to it.
2. The second law is “Law of momentum”. According to this law, the rate of change of momentum of an object is directly proportional to the force applied on it and momentum changes in the direction of the applied force.
3. The third law is the "law of action-reaction". According to this law, when a force is applied to an object, the object also exerts an equal force in the opposite direction to that force.
Death of Isaac Newton:
Isaac Newton did not marry for life. He devoted his whole life to his research and scientific discoveries. Newton also wrote his theological research on the Bible. Newton was also a member of the Parliament of England. In England, he was also appointed warden of the mint there. Here he worked very honestly. He remained on this post till his death.
In April 1705, Queen Anne of England knighted Isaac Newton for his political contributions during a royal visit to Trinity College, Cambridge. Isaac Newton died in his sleep on 31 March 1727. He was buried at Westminster Abbey.
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